SPAIN - A Country Study

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• SPAIN
• Foreword
• Acknowledgments
• Preface
• Country Profile
  • COUNTRY
  • GEOGRAPHY
  • SOCIETY
  • ECONOMY
  • TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
  • GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
  • NATIONAL SECURITY
• Introduction
• Chapter 1. Historical Setting
  • IBERIA
  • HISPANIA
  • AL ANDALUS
  • CASTILE AND ARAGON
  • THE GOLDEN AGE
    • Ferdinand and Isabella
    • Charles V and Philip II
    • Spain in Decline
  • BOURBON SPAIN
    • War of the Spanish Succession
    • The Enlightenment
    • The Napoleonic Era
  • THE LIBERAL ASCENDANCY
    • The Cadiz Cortes
    • Rule by Pronunciamiento
    • Liberal Rule
  • THE CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
    • The Cuban Disaster and the "Generation of 1898"
    • The African War and the Authoritarian Regime of Miguel Primo de Rivera
  • REPUBLICAN SPAIN
  • THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR
  • THE FRANCO YEARS
    • Franco's Political System
    • Policies, Programs, and Growing Popular Unrest
    • Foreign Policy under Franco
  • THE POST-FRANCO ERA
    • Transition to Democracy
    • Disenchantment with UCD Leadership
    • Growth of the PSOE and the 1982 Elections
    • Spanish Foreign Policy in the Post-Franco Period
• Chapter 2. The Society and Its Environment
  • GEOGRAPHY
    • External Boundaries and Landform Regions
      • The Meseta Central and Associated Mountains
      • Other Mountainous Regions
      • Lowland Regions
      • The Islands
    • Drainage
    • Climate
  • POPULATION
    • Size and Growth
    • Regional Disparities
    • Migration
  • ETHNICITY AND LANGUAGE
    • Government Policies
    • The Catalans
    • The Galicians
    • The Basques
    • The Andalusians
    • The Gypsies
  • SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
  • SOCIAL VALUES AND ATTITUDES
  • RELIGION
  • EDUCATION
    • Primary and Secondary Education
    • Higher Education
  • HEALTH AND WELFARE
    • Health Conditions and Mortality
    • Public Safety and Environmental Problems
    • Housing
    • Government Health and Welfare Programs
• Chapter 3. The Economy
  • CHARACTER AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMY
    • The Franco Era, 1939-75
    • The Post-Franco Period, 1975-1980s
  • ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
    • Economic Ministries
    • Budget and Fiscal Policy
  • HUMAN RESOURCES
    • The Unemployment Problem
    • The Underground Economy
    • Labor Relations in the Franco Era
    • Labor Relations in the Post-Franco Period
  • AGRICULTURE
    • Agricultural Development
    • Regional Variation
    • Crops
    • Livestock
    • Forestry
    • Fisheries
    • Food Processing
  • INDUSTRY
    • Industrial Development
    • Regional Concentration
    • National Industrial Institute
    • Manufacturing
      • Iron and Steel
      • Automobile Assembly
      • Shipbuilding
      • Chemical Industry
      • Textiles and Footwear
    • Construction
    • Mining
  • ENERGY
    • Petroleum
    • Coal
    • Natural Gas
    • Electricity
  • SERVICES
    • Banking
    • Stock Market Exchanges
    • Transportation and Communications
    • Tourism
  • FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS
    • Trading Partners
    • Foreign Investment
    • Spain and the European Community
• Chapter 4. Government and Politics
  • CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM
    • The 1978 Constitution
    • Electoral System
  • GOVERNMENT
    • The Cortes
    • The King, the Prime Minister, and the Council of Ministers
    • The Judiciary
    • Regional Government
    • Local Government
    • Civil Service
  • POLITICS
    • Political Developments, 1982-88
    • Political Parties
      • Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
      • Communist Party of Spain
      • Popular Alliance
      • Democratic and Social Center
      • Other National Parties
      • Regional Parties
    • Political Interest Groups
      • Labor
      • Business
      • Roman Catholic Church
      • Opus Dei
      • Military
    • Mass Communications
      • Newspapers and Periodicals
      • Radio and Television
  • FOREIGN RELATIONS
    • Spain and the European Community
    • Spain and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
    • Spain and the United States
    • Spain and Latin America
    • Gibraltar, Ceuta, and Melilla
    • Spain and the Middle East
    • Spain and the Soviet Union
    • Spain and France
• Chapter 5. National Security
  • THE MILITARY IN NATIONAL LIFE
    • Historical Role of the Armed Forces
    • The Civil War and its Aftermath
    • The Military in Political Life
    • The Military in Society
  • EXTERNAL SECURITY PERCEPTIONS AND POLICIES
  • JURISDICTION OVER NATIONAL DEFENSE
  • MILITARY COMMANDS AND ORGANIZATION
    • Army
      • Spanish Legion
      • Equipment
    • Navy
    • Air Force
    • Uniforms, Ranks, and Insignia
  • SOURCES AND QUALITY OF MANPOWER
  • TRAINING AND EDUCATION
  • MILITARY JUSTICE
  • THE DEFENSE BUDGET
  • DEFENSE PRODUCTION
  • PARTICIPATION IN NATO
  • MILITARY COOPERATION WITH THE UNITED STATES
  • PUBLIC ORDER AND INTERNAL SECURITY
    • The Police System
      • The Civil Guard
      • The National Police Corps
      • Other Police Forces
      • Intelligence Services
    • Criminal Justice and the Penal System
    • Threats to Internal Security
• Appendix. Tables
• Bibliography
• Glossary