SRI LANKA - A Country Study

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• SRI LANKA
• Foreword
• Acknowledgments
• Preface
• Country Profile
  • COUNTRY
  • GEOGRAPHY
  • SOCIETY
  • ECONOMY
  • TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
  • GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
  • NATIONAL SECURITY
• Introduction
• Chapter 1. Historical Setting
  • ORIGINS
    • Ancient Legends and Chronicles
      • Buddhist Chronicles
    • The Impact of Buddhism
  • THE CLASSICAL AGE, 200 B.C.-A.D. 1200
    • Early Settlements
    • Rise of Sinhalese and Tamil Ethnic Awareness
  • DECLINE OF THE SINHALESE KINGDOM, 1200-1500
    • Sinhalese Migration to the South
    • A Weakened State: Invasion, Disease, and Social Instability
  • EUROPEAN ENCROACHMENT AND DOMINANCE, 1500-1948
    • The Portuguese
    • The Dutch
    • The British
      • Early Contacts
      • The British Replace the Dutch
      • Modernization and Reform
      • The Colebrooke-Cameron Reforms
      • Economic Innovations
      • Rise of the Sri Lankan Middle Class
      • Buddhist Revivalism
      • Constitutional Reform
      • World War I
      • The Donoughmore Commission
      • Growth of Leftist Parties
      • World War II and the Transition to Independence
  • INDEPENDENCE
    • Divisions in the Body Politic
    • United National Party "Majority" Rule, 1948-56
    • Emergence of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party
    • Tamil Politics
    • Sri Lanka Freedom Party Rule, 1956-65
      • Legislation and Communal Agitation
      • Populist Economic Policies
      • United National Party Interlude
      • Return of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party
    • The United National Party Regains Power, 1965-70
    • United Front Rule and Emerging Violence, 1970-77
    • The United National Party Returns to Power
      • Election of 1977 and More Violence
      • Constitution of 1978
      • The Riots of 1981
      • Presidential Election of 1982
      • The Riots of July 1983
• Chapter 2. The Society and Its Environment
  • THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
    • Geology
    • Topography
    • Climate
    • Ecological Zones
    • Land Use and Settlement Patterns
  • THE PEOPLE
    • Population
    • Ethnic Groups
      • Sinhalese
      • Tamils
      • Muslims
      • Burghers
      • Veddah
    • Ethnic Group Relations
  • SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
    • Caste
      • Nature of Caste
      • Caste among the Sinhalese
      • Caste among the Tamils
      • Caste Interactions in Daily Life
    • Family
  • RELIGION
    • Buddhism
      • The Life and Message of the Buddha
      • The Buddhist Community
      • Popular Sinhalese Religion
      • Buddhism and Politics
    • Hinduism
    • Islam
    • Christianity
  • SOCIAL SERVICES
    • Education
      • Traditional and Colonial Systems
      • The Modern Education System
      • Education and Ethnic Conflict
    • Health
    • Living Conditions
• Chapter 3. The Economy
  • NATURE OF THE ECONOMY
    • Structure of the Economy
    • Role of Government
    • Development Planning
    • The Economy in the Late 1980s
  • AGRICULTURE
    • Changing Patterns
    • Land Use
    • Government Policies
    • Land Tenure
    • Cropping Pattern
  • INDUSTRY
    • Changing Patterns
    • Industrial Policies
    • Manufacturing
    • Construction
    • Mining
  • ENERGY
  • TRANSPORTATION
  • TELECOMMUNICATIONS
  • LABOR
    • Characteristics and Occupational Distribution
    • Government Labor Policies
    • Working Conditions
    • Labor Relations
  • TRADE
    • Internal Trade
    • External Trade
    • Foreign Exchange System
    • External Debt
  • FINANCE
    • Budgetary Process, Revenues, and Expenditures
    • Foreign Aid
    • Fiscal Administration
    • Monetary Process
  • TOURISM
• Chapter 4. Government and Politics
  • POLITICS AND SOCIETY
    • Race, Religion, and Politics
    • The Sinhalese: Racial Uniqueness and Politicized Buddhism
    • Tamil Exclusivism
  • THE 1978 CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS
    • Historical Perspective, 1802-1978
    • Government Institutions
    • Presidency and Parliament
    • Local Government
    • Electoral System
    • Judiciary
    • Civil Service
  • THE POLITICAL PARTY SYSTEM
    • Sinhalese Parties
      • The UNP
      • The Sri Lanka Freedom Party
      • The Marxist Parties
      • The People's United Front
    • Tamil United Liberation Front
    • Other Parties
    • Electoral Performance
  • THE EMERGENCE OF EXTREMIST GROUPS
    • Tamil Alienation
    • Tamil Militant Groups
      • Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
      • Other Tamil Groups
      • The 1984 All Party Conference
      • India's Perspective
      • The Eastern Province Question
  • FOREIGN RELATIONS
    • Relations with Western States
    • The Indo-Sri Lankan Accord and Foreign Relations
• Chapter 5. National Security
  • PRIMARY THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY
    • The Tamil Insurgency
      • Insurgent Groups
      • Major Incidents of the Insurgency
    • The Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna
  • THE ARMED FORCES
    • Historical Background
      • Ancient Military Traditions
      • The Armed Forces under British Rule
      • The Armed Forces after Independence
    • Structure and Administration of the Armed Forces
      • The Army
      • The Navy
      • The Air Force
      • Conditions of Service
      • Ethnic Composition of the Armed Forces
      • Women in the Armed Forces
      • Awards in the Armed Forces
    • Foreign Military Relations
    • Foreign Military Presence
    • The Defense Budget
  • NATIONAL POLICE AND PARAMILITARY FORCES
    • Organization
    • Strength
    • Equipment and Training
    • The Home Guard
  • THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
    • Criminal Justice and the Effects of Insurgency
    • The Penal Code
    • Criminal Procedure and the Structure of the Courts
    • Rules of Search, Arrest, and Detention
    • Executive Powers of Pardon and Commutation
    • Penal Institutions and Trends in the Prison Population
    • Drug Abuse and Drug Legislation
• Appendices
  • Appendix A. Tables
  • Appendix B. Political Parties and Groups
• Bibliography
• Glossary