Appendix A. Tables

Table 2. Population Growth, Selected Years, 1951-93

Year Population1 (in millions) Average Annual Growth Rate
1951 33.7 n.a.2
1961 42.9 2.3
1971 65.2 3.7
1981 84.2 3.1
1987 100.7 3.1
1992 118.0 3.1
1993 123.4 3.1

1 Estimated.
2 n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from Pakistan, Planning Commission, Seventh Five-Year Plan: 1988-93, and Perspective Plan, 1988- 2003, Islamabad, 1988; and World Bank, World Development Report, 1992, New York, 1992, 268.

Table 3. Gross Domestic Product by Sector, Selected Fiscal Years, 1982-93

(in percentages at current factor cost)
Sector 1982 1987 19921 19931
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 31.6 26.3 25.6 25.0
Mining and quarrying 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.7
Manufacturing 15.1 16.7 17.5 17.3
Utilities 2.2 2.3 3.3 3.7
Construction 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.2
Wholesale and retail trade 15.1 15.7 17.0 16.1
Transportation and communications 9.4 8.7 8.4 10.3
Banking and insurance 2.5 3.2 3.1 2.9
Ownership of dwellings 4.5 4.9 4.4 4.4
Public administration and defense 7.3 9.9 8.4 7.8
Other services 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6
TOTAL2100.0100.0100.0100.0

1 Provisional.
2 Figures may not add to totals because of rounding.

Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Pakistan, Afghanistan, 1993-94, London, 1993, 21; and Pakistan, Federal Bureau of Statistics, Pakistan Statistical Yearbook, 1991, Karachi, 1991, 473-74.

Table 4. Government Budget, Fiscal Years 1990-93

1 (in billions of rupees)2
1990 1991 19923 19934
Revenues
Tax revenues
Income and corporation tax 14.3 19.1 25.9 31.3
Property taxes 1.4 1.7 2.1 3.9
Excise duties 23.3 25.0 32.3 44.3
Sales tax 15.6 16.9 21.5 26.9
Taxes on international trade 50.7 50.5 62.5 71.4
Other 14.1 16.4 22.8 26.0
Total tax revenues 119.4 129.6 167.2 203.8
Nontax revenues 39.4 34.2 55.5 58.0
Total revenues 158.8 163.9 222.6 261.9
(Of which, provincial revenues) 6.6 7.1 15.7 18.9
Expenditures
Current expenditures
Defense 58.7 64.6 75.8 82.2
Interest on debt 46.7 50.0 63.6 75.5
Subsidies 9.0 10.7 10.1 7.3
Other 51.1 70.3 82.9 92.3
Total current expenditures 165.6 195.7 232.4 257.3
Development expenditures 56.1 65.3 83.2 72.3
Total expenditures 221.6 261.0 315.6 329.7
Income from autonomous agencies 6.8 7.9 14.3 3.2
Budget deficit 56.1 89.2 78.7 64.6
Deficit financed by
External (net) 22.9 22.1 21.8 17.1
Domestic nonbank 29.6 23.7 -0.6 26.2
Domestic banks 3.5 43.4 57.5 21.3

1 Includes federal aid provincial governments. Figures may not add to totals because of rounding.
2 For value of the rupee--see Glossary.
3 Provisional.
4 Proposed.

Source: Based on information from Pakistan, Ministry of Finance, Economic Survey Statistical Supplement, 1991-92, Islamabad, 1992, 162-64.

Table 5. Balance of Trade, Selected Fiscal Years,1980-92

(in billions of rupees)1
Year Exports Imports Balance
1980 23.4 46.9 -23.5
1985 38.0 89.8 -51.8
1990 106.5 148.9 -42.4
1991 138.3 171.1 -32.8
19922 171.7 229.9 -58.2

1 For value of the rupee--see Glossary.
2 Provisional.

Source: Based on information from Pakistan, Ministry of Finance, Economic Survey Statistical Supplement, 1991-92, Islamabad, 1992, 190.

Table 6. Composition of Imports, Fiscal Years 1989-92

(in millions of rupees)1
Commodity 1989 1990 1991 19922
Chemical 13,046 15,259 15,448 21,997
Drugs and medicines 3,318 3,723 4,408 5,184
Dyes and colors 1,419 1,868 2,136 2,945
Chemical fertilizers 3,534 4,437 5,911 6,367
Electrical goods 4,962 4,259 4,929 7,469
Nonelectrical machinery 26,597 25,438 30,195 54,527
Transportation equipment 8,403 10,119 11,443 20,638
Paper products 2,734 2,876 3,216 4,027
Iron and steel 7,131 6,993 7,100 10,236
Nonferrous metals 2,018 2,594 2,110 2,784
Oil and oil products 18,509 24,937 37,823 34,406
Edible oils 8,576 8,262 9,020 10,025
Grains, pulses, and flour 8,598 9,241 3,855 9,979
Other 26,996 28,847 38,449 39,305
TOTAL135,841148,853176,043229,889

1 For value of the rupee--see Glossary.
2 Provisional.

Source: Based on information from Pakistan, Ministry of Finance, Economic Survey Statistical Supplement, 1991- 92, Islamabad, 1992, 203.

Table 7. Composition of Exports, Fiscal Years 1989-92

(in millions of rupees)1
Commodity 1989 1990 1991 19922
Fish products 2,096 2,024 2,575 2,852
Rice 5,967 5,144 7,848 10,340
Raw cotton 18,032 9,550 9,553 12,944
Cotton waste 240 597 1,255 1,482
Cotton yarn 11,645 17,917 26,675 29,170
Cotton cloth 8,947 12,000 15,199 20,372
Leather 4,702 6,002 6,184 5,991
Oil and oil products 352 235 2,228 2,048
Synthetic textiles 2,240 4,556 7,807 10,430
Footwear 365 504 724 997
Readymade garments 9,692 14,341 18,666 25,823
Surgical instruments 1,221 1,502 1,901 2,253
Carpets 4,451 4,923 5,003 5,709
Sporting goods 1,369 2,311 3,099 3,515
Other 18,864 24,863 30,792 37,829
TOTAL 90,183106,469139,509171,755

1 For value of the rupee--see Glossary.
2 Provisional.

Source: Based on information from Pakistan, Ministry of Finance, Economic Survey Statistical Supplement, 1991-92, Islamabad, 1992, 194-97.

Table 8. Balance of Payments, Fiscal Years, 1988-92

(in millions of United States dollars at current prices)
1988 1989 1990 1991 19921
Exports 4,362 4,634 4,926 5,902 6,884
Imports-6,919- 7,207-7,411-8,385-9,095
Invisibles (net) 875 639 594 312 -325
Current account balance-1,682-1,934-1,891- 2,171-2,536
Private capital (net) 330 328 473 506 1,730
Public capital (net) 1,242 1,659 1,840 1,737 929
Capital account balance 1,572 1,987 2,313 2,243 2,659
Errors and omissions (net) -30 -42 -45 - 66 74
Change in reserves (minus sign indicates increase) 140 -11 - 377 -6 -197

1 Provisional.

Source: Based on information from Pakistan, Ministry of Finance, Economic Survey Statistical Supplement, 1991-92 Islamabad, 1992, 189.

Table 9. Estimated Labor Force by Sector, Fiscal Years 1981, 1991, and 1992

(in thousands)
Sector 1981 1991 1992
Agriculture 13,01016,26016,670
Mining and manufacturing 3,480 4,080 4,210
Construction 1,200 2,030 2,090
Electric power and gas 230 190 190
Transportation and communications 1,150 1,550 1,600
Trade 2,840 3,790 3,900
Other services 2,790 3,880 4,010
Other 950 1,030 1,150
TOTAL 25,65032,81033,820

Source: Based on information form Pakistan, Ministry of Finance, Economic Survey Statistical Supplement, 1991-92, Islamabad, 1992, 30.

Table 10. Area of Major Crops, Selected Fiscal Years, 1961- 92

(in thousands of hectares)
Crop 1961 1981 1991 19921
Wheat 4,639 6,984 7,911 7,823
Rice 1,181 1,933 2,113 2,097
Corn 480 769 845 847
Chickpeas 1,106 843 1,092 1,021
Sugarcane 388 825 884 880
Cotton 1,293 2,108 2,662 2,836

1 Provisional.

Source: Based on information from Pakistan, Ministry of Finance, Economic Survey Statistical Supplement, 1991-92, Islamabad, 1992, 63.

Table 11. Production of Major Crops, Selected Fiscal Years, 1961-92

(in thousands of tons)
Crop 1961 1981 1991 19921
Wheat 3,814 11,475 14,56514,694
Rice 1,030 3,123 3,261 3,243
Corn 439 970 1,185 1,204
Chickpeas 610 337 531 499
Sugarcane11,641 32,359 35,98935,658
Cotton 301 715 1,637 2,181

1 Provisional.

Source: Based on information from Pakistan, Ministry of Finance, Economic Survey Statistical Supplement, 1991-92, Islamabad, 1992, 64.

Table 12. Average Growth Rate of Selected Industrial Products, Fiscal Years 1988-92

(in percentage change from previous year)
Product 1988 1989 1990 1991 19921
Cotton yarn 16.83 10.64 20.28 14.22 11.30
Cotton cloth 18.30 -4.18 9.26 - 0.65 5.60
Jute goods -1.85 -6.82 -7.80 3.24 3.64
Vegetable ghee 14.45 28.55 7.37 3.85 10.71
Cigarettes 1.92- 22.43 2.26 -0.70 -4.98
Fertilizers -2.42 2.52 3.72 -2.70 -5.28
Cement 8.67 0.75 5.09 4.63 6.90
Soda ash 2.92 7.61 3.60 5.55 24.02
Caustic soda 11.66 8.48 11.28 6.08 4.33

1 Provisional.

Source: Based on information form Pakistan, Ministry of Finance, Economic Survey Statistical Supplement, 1991-92, Islamabad, 1992, 107.

Table 13. Heads of State and Government, 1947-94

LeaderPosition1Term of Office2
Mohammad Ali JinnahGovernor GeneralAugust 1947-September 1948
Liaquat Ali KhanPrime MinisterAugust 1947-October 1951
Khwaja NazimuddinGovernor GeneralSeptember 1948-October 1951
Ghulam MohammadGovernor GeneralOctober 1951-August 1955
Khwaja NazimuddinPrime MinisterOctober 1951-April 1953
Mohammad Ali BograPrime MinisterApril 1953-August 1955
Iskander MirzaGovernor General/PresidentAugust 1955-October 1958
Chaudhuri Mohammad AliPrime MinisterAugust 1955-September 1956
H.S. SuhrawardyPrime MinisterSeptember 1956-October 1957
I.I. ChundrigarPrime MinisterOctober-December 1957
Firoz Khan NoonPrime MinisterDecember 1957-October 1958
Mohammad Ayub KhanCMLA/PresidentOctober 1958-March 1969
Agha Mohammad Yahya KhanCMLA/PresidentMarch 1969-December 1971
Zulfiqar Ali BhuttoCMLA/President/Prime MinisterDecember 1971-July 1977
Fazal Elahi ChaudhryPresidentAugust 1973-September 1978
Mohammad Zia ul-HaqCMLA/PresidentJuly 1977-August 1988
Mohammad Khan JunejoPrime MinisterMarch 1985-May 1988
Ghulam Ishaq KhanPresidentAugust 1988-July 1993
Benazir BhuttoPrime MinisterDecember 1988-August 1990
Ghulam Mustapha JatoiPrime Minister (caretaker)August-November 1990
Mian Nawaz SharifPrime MinisterNovember 1990-April 1993
Balakh Sher MazariPrime Minister (caretaker)April-May 1993
Mian Nawaz SharifPrime MinisterMay-July 1993
Wassim SajjadPresident (caretaker)July-November 1993
Moeen Qureshi Prime Minister (caretaker)July-October 1993
Benazir BhuttoPrime MinisterOctober 1993-
Farooq LeghariPresidentNovember 1993-

1 CMLA--Chief Martial Law Administrator.
2 When a head of state or government held more than one position,not all offices were for exactly the same term. Dates shown are for the longest period a leader was in power. The name of the head of State was changed from governor general to president under the 1956 constitution.

Table 14. Order of Battle and Major Equipment of Ground Forces, 1994

Organization or Equipment
Personnel520,000
Military units 9Corps headquarters
1Area command (division)
2Armored divisions
19Infantry divisions
7Independent armored brigades
9Independent infantry brigades
9Corps artillery brigades (2 more forming)
1Air defense command (3 air defense groups; 8 brigades)
7Engineering brigades
3 Armed reconnaissance regiments
1Special forces group (3 battalions)
7Aircraft squadrons
8Helicopter squadrons
1Independent observation flight
Equipment 1,950+Tanks
820Armored personnel carriers
1,566Towed artillery
240Self- propelled artillery
45Multiple rocket launchers
725Mortars
18Surface-to- surface missiles
800 Antitank guided weapons
850Surface-to- air missiles

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1994- 1995, London, 1994, 159-61.

Table 15. Order of Battle and Major Equipment of Naval Forces, 1994

Organization or Equipment
Personnel 22,0001
Military units 4Commands including one fleet headquarters
Equipment 6Submarines
3Destroyers
10Frigates
13Patrol and coastal combatant craft
4Inshore craft
3Mine warfare craft
3Support and miscellaneous
4SA-316B (antisubmarine warfare) helicopters
6Sea King Mk 45 (antisubmarine warfare) helicopters
6Lynx HAS MK-3 (antisubmarine warfare) helicopters
4Atlantic aircraft (operated by air force)

1 Includes Naval Air Arm and Maritime Security Agency.

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1994-1995, London, 1994, 159-61.

Table 16. Order of Battle and Major Equipment of Air Force, 1994

Organization or Equipment
Personnel 45,000
Military units 7Fighter/ground attack squadrons
10Fighter squadrons
1Reconnaissance squadron
12Transport squadrons
1Helicopter search-and-rescue squadron
1Helicopter transport squadron
7Air defense surface-to-air batteries
1Antisubmarine warfare/maritime reconnaissance squadron
Equipment
Fighter/ground attack aircraft 100J-6/JJ-6
34F-16
80J-7
50Q-5
30Mirage III-O
15Mirage III-EP
3Mirage III-DP
58Mirage-5
Transports 12C-130
1L-12
3Boeing 707
3Falcon 20
2F-27-200
2Beech
Search and Rescue 6SA-319
Reconnaissance 12Combat-capable Mirage III RP
Helicopters (transport) 12SA-316
4SA-321
12SA-315 B Lama
Training 12CJ-6
30JJ-5
24 Mashshaq
6MiG-15UTI
10T-33A
44T-37B/C

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1994- 1995, London, 1994, 159-61.