Bibliography -- Portugal


Chapter 1

Abshire, David M., and Michael Samuels (eds.). Portuguese
     Africa: A Handbook. New York: Praeger, 1969.

Boxer, Charles R. Four Centuries of Portuguese Expansion: A
     Succinct Survey. Berkeley: University of California
     Press, 1969.

------. Portuguese Society in the Tropics: The Municipal
     Councils of Goa, Bahia, and Luanda, 1510-1800. Madison:
     University of Wisconsin Press, 1965.

Bradford, Sarah. Portugal. New York: Walker, 1973.

Chilcote, Ronald H. Portuguese Africa. Englewood Cliffs,
     New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1967.

Duffy, James. Portuguese Africa. Cambridge: Harvard
     University Press, 1968.

Figueiredo, António de. Portugal: Fifty Years of
     Dictatorship. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1975.

Gallagher, Tom. Portugal: A Twentieth-Century
     Interpretation. Manchester: Manchester University Press,
     1983.

Isaacman, Allen F. Mozambique: The Africanization of a European
     Institution: The Zambesi Prazos, 1750-1902. Madison:
     University of Wisconsin Press, 1972.

Kay, Hugh. Salazar and Modern Portugal. New York: Hawthorn
     Books, 1970.

Livermore, H.V. A New History of Portugal. Cambridge:
     Cambridge University Press, 1969.

Marques, A.H. de Oliveira. Daily Life in Portugal in the Late
     Middle Ages. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press,
     1971.

______. History of Portugal. (2 vols.) New York: Columbia
     University Press, 1972.

Nowell, Charles. Portugal. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:
     Prentice-Hall, 1973.

Opello, Walter C., Jr. Portugal: From Monarchy to Pluralist
     Democracy. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1991.

Payne, Stanley G. A History of Spain and Portugal. (2
     vols.) Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1973.

Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the
     Revolution. London: Croom Helm, 1977.

Raby, Dawn Linda. Fascism and Resistance in Portugal:
     Communists, Liberals, and Military Dissents in the Opposition
     to Salazar, 1941-1974. Manchester: Manchester University
     Press, 1988.

Robinson, Richard Alan Hodgson. Contemporary Portugal: A
     History. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1979.

Stanislawski, Dan. The Individuality of Portugal: A Study of
     Historical-Political Geography. Austin: University of
     Texas Press, 1959.

Wheeler, Douglas L. Republican Portugal: A Political History,
     1910-1926. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1978.

Wiarda, Howard J. Corporatism and Development: The Portuguese
     Experience. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press,
     1977.

Chapter 2

Baklanoff, Eric N. The Economic Transformation of Spain and
     Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1978.

Barata, Oscar Soares. Natalidade e politica social em
     Portugal. Lisbon: Universidade Tecnica de Lisboa,
     Instituto Superior de Ciencias Sociais e Politicas, 1985.

Bentley, Jeffrey W. Today There Is No Misery: The Ethnography
     of Farming in Northwest Portugal. Tucson: University of
     Arizona Press, 1992.

Bermeo, Nancy. The Revolution Within the Revolution: Workers'
     Control in Rural Portugal. Princeton: Princeton
     University Press, 1986.

Brettell, Caroline. Men Who Migrate, Women Who Wait.
     Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986.

------. We Have Already Cried Many Tears: Portuguese Women and
     Migration. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Schenkman, 1982.

Brøgger, Jan. Nazaré: Women and Men in a Prebureacratic
     Portuguese Fishing Village. Fort Worth, Texas: Harcourt
     Brace Javanovich, 1992.

Bruce, Neil. Portugal: The Last Empire. New York: Wiley,
     1975.

Bruneau, Thomas C. "Church and State in Portugal: Crises of Cross
     and Sword," Journal of Church and State, 18, No. 3,
     Autumn 1976, 463-90.

Bruneau, Thomas C., and Alex Macleod. Politics in Contemporary
     Portugal: Parties and the Consolidation of Democracy.
     Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1986.

Bruneau, Thomas C., Victor M.P. Da Rosa, and Alex Macleod.
     Portugal in Development: Emigration, Industrialization,
     and the European Community. Ottawa: University of Ottawa
     Press, 1984.

Chilcote, Ronald. Portuguese Africa. Englewood Cliffs, New
     Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1967.

Cole, Sally. Women of the Praia: Work and Lives in a Portuguese
     Coastal Community. Princeton; Princeton University Press,
     1991.
Cutileiro, José. A Portuguese Rural Society. Oxford:
     Clarendon Press, 1971.

Da Costa, Alfredo Bruto. "Some Factors of Impoverishment in a
     Mediterranean Country: The Case of Portugal." Pages 176-91 in
     Paul-Marc Henry (ed.), Poverty, Progess and
     Development. London: Kegan Paul International-UNESCO,
     1991.

Eisfeld, Rainer. "Portugal and Western Europe." Pages 29-62 in
     Kenneth Maxwell (ed.), Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of
     Democratic Consolidation. (Contributions in Political
     Science, No. 138.) New York: Greenwood Press, 1986.

Gallagher, Tom. Portugal: A Twentieth-Century
     Interpretation. Manchester: Manchester University Press,
     1983.

Graham, Lawrence S., and Harry M. Makler (eds.) Contemporary
     Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents. Austin:
     University of Texas Press, 1979.

Graham, Lawrence S., and Douglas L. Wheeler (eds.). In Search
     of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences.
     Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

Grande Enciclopédia Portuguesa e Brasileira, 9. Lisbon:
     Enciclopédia, 1987.

Kaplan, Marion. The Portuguese: The Land and Its People.
     New York: Viking Press, 1991.

Kurian, George, and Joaquim Ferreira Gomes. "Portugal." Pages 1021-
     27 in George Thomas Kurian (ed.), World Education
     Encyclopedia, 2. New York: Facts on File, 1988.

Livi Bacci, Massimo. A Century of Portuguese Fertility.
     Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971.

Makler, Harry M. "A Case Study of the Portuguese Business Elite,
     1964-1966." Pages 228-41 in Raymond S. Sayers (ed.),
     Portugal and Brazil in Transition. Minneapolis:
     University of Minnesota Press, 1968.

______. A "Elite" industrial portuguesa. Lisbon: Instituto
     Gulbenkian de Ciencia, 1969.

Martins, Maria Belmira. Sociedades e grupos em Portugal.
     Lisbon: Editorial Estampa, 1973.

Maxwell, Kenneth (ed.). Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of
     Democratic Consolidation. (Contributions in Political
     Science, No. 138.) New York: Greenwood Press, 1986.

______. Portugal: Ten Years After the Revolution: Reports of
     Three Columbia-Gulbenkian Workshops. New York: Research
     Institute on International Change, Columbia University, 1984.

Miranda, David J. "A População Universitaria e a Populaçã
     Portuguesa," Analise Social [Lisbon], 7, Nos. 25 and
     26, 1969, 158-65.

Nunes, Aderito Sedas. Sociologia e ideologia do
     desenvolvimento: estudios e ensaios. Lisbon: Moreas,
     1968.

O'Neill, Brian Juan. Social Inequality in a Portuguese Hamlet:
     Land, Late Marriage, and Bastardy, 1870-1978. Cambridge:
     Cambridge University Press, 1987.

Opello, Walter C., Jr. Portugal: From Monarchy to Pluralist
     Democracy. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1991.

______. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative
     Approach. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1985.

Penniman, Howard (ed.). Portugal at the Polls. Durham,
     North Carolina: Duke University Press, 1992.

Pereira Neto, João Baptista Nunes, "Social Evolution in Portugal
     Since 1945." Pages 212-27 in Raymond S. Sayer (ed.),
     Portugal and Brazil in Transition. Minneapolis:
     University of Minnesota Press, 1968.

Portugal. Constitution of the Portuguese Republic. (Second
     Revision, 1989.) Lisbon: Directorate-General for Mass
     Communication, 1991.

______. General Directorate of Mass Communication.
     Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

______. Instituto Nacional de Estatística. Annuário
Estatístico: Continente, Açores e Madeira, 1988. Lisbon, 1988.

------. Instituto Nacional de Estatística. Estatísticas
     Demográficas: Continente, Açores, e Madeira, 1989.
     Lisbon, 1990.

______. Instituto Nacional de Estatística. Estatísticas
     Demográficas: Continente e Ilhas Adjacentes, 1972.
     Lisbon, 1973.

Riegelhaupt, Joyce Firstenberg. "Festas and Padres: The
     Organization of Religious Action in a Portuguese Village,"
     American Anthropologist, 75, No. 3, June 1973, 835-
     52.

______. "Saloio Women: An Analysis of Informal and Formal Political
     and Economic Roles of Portuguese Peasant Women,"
     Anthropological Quarterly, 40, No. 3, July 1967, 109-
     26.

Robinson, Richard Alan Hodgson. Contemporary Portugal: A
     History. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1979.

Rostow, W.W. The Stages of Economic Growth. Cambridge:
     Cambridge University Press, 1960.

Sayer, Raymond S. (ed.). Portugal and Brazil in
     Transition. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press,
     1968.

Sousa, Maria Reynolds de, and Dina Canço (eds.). Portugal:
     Status of Women 1991. Lisbon: Commission for Equality and
     Women's Rights, Prime Minister's Office, 1991.

Tuchman, Barbara. The Proud Tower. New York: Macmillan,
     1966.

United Nations. Department of International Economic and Social
     Affairs. World Population Policies, 3. (Population
     Studies, 102/Add. 2.) New York, 1990.

United States. Department of State. Background Notes:
     Portugal. Washington: GPO, 1990.

Valente, M.O. "Portugal." Pages 564-68 in T. Neville Postlethwaite
     (ed.), The Encyclopedia of Comparative and National
     Systems of Education. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1988.

______. "Portugal." Pages 4006-11 in Torsten Husen and T. Neville
     Postlethwaite (eds.), The International Encyclopedia of
     Education: Research and Studies, 7. Oxford: Pergamon
     Press, 1985.

Wiarda, Howard J. Corporatism and Development: The Portuguese
     Experience. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press,
     1977.

______. The Iberian-Latin American Connection. Washington:
     The American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research,
     1986.

______. The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal.
     Washington: The American Enterprise Institute for Public
     Policy Research, 1989.

World Bank. World Development Report, 1988. New York:
     Oxford University Press, 1988.

Chapter 3

Amaral, João Ferreirado, Diogo de Lucena, and António Sampaio
     Mello. The Portuguese Economy Towards 1992: Proceedings of
     a Conference Sponsored by Junta Nacional de Investigaçãs
     Científica e Tecnológica and Banco de Portugal. Boston:
     Kluwer Academic, 1992.

Baklanoff, Eric N. "Changing Systems: The Portuguese Revolution and
     the Public Enterprise Sector," Comparative Economic
     Studies, 26, No. 2-3, Summer-Fall 1984, 63-75.

------. The Economic Transformation of Spain and Portugal.
     New York: Praeger, 1978.

------. "Spain and Portugal in the European Community: An Economic
     Perspective," AEI Foreign Policy and Defense Review,
     6, No. 2, 1986, 36-45.

Bank of Portugal. Annual Report. Lisbon, 1991.

------. Economic Indicators, 1975-1980. Lisbon: 1981.

------. Economic Indicators, 1978-1983. Lisbon: 1984.

------. Economic Indicators, 1981-1986. Lisbon: 1987.

______. "Empresas pùblicas nao financieras," Boletim
     Trimestral [Lisbon], 4, No. 3, September 1982, 33-45.

------. Report of the Board of Governors, 1989. Lisbon:
     1990.

------. Report of the Board of Governors, 1990. Lisbon:
     1991.

------. Report of the Directors and Economic and Financial
     Survey for the Year 1990, Statistical Appendix. Lisbon,
     1991, Tables 2.2.1 and 2.2.2.

Barreto, José. "Portugal: Industrial Relations under Democracy."
     Pages 445-81 in Anthony Ferner and Richard Hyman (eds.),
     Industrial Relations in the New Europe. Oxford: Basil
     Blackwell, 1992.

Bermeo, Nancy. "The Politics of Public Enterprise in Portugal,
     Spain, and Greece." Pages 137-62 in Ezra N. Suleiman and John
     Waterbury (eds.), The Political Economy of Public Sector
     Reform and Privatization. Boulder, Colorado: Westview
     Press, 1990.

Bruneau, Thomas C., Victor M.P. Da Rosa, and Alex Macleod.
     Portugal in Development: Emigration, Industrialization,
     and the European Community. Ottawa: University of Ottawa
     Press, 1984.

Corkill, David. "Menos estado, melhor estado: Portugal's
     Privatisation." Journal of the Association for
     Contemporary Iberian Studies [London], 4, No. 1, Spring,
     1991, 41-47.

Craynon, John R. "The Mineral Industry in Portugal." Pages 715- 25,
     in Minerals Yearbook, 1986, 3. (Area Reports:
     International.) Washington: GPO, 1988.

Donges, Juergen B. Foreign Investment in Portugal.
     Reprinted from Segunda Conferência International sobre
     Economia Portuguêsa, 1979. Lisbon: 1980.

Donges, Juergen B., et al. The Second Enlargement of the
     European Community: Adjustment Requirements and Challenges for
     Policy Reform. Tübingen, Germany: J.C.B. Mohr, 1982.

European Community. Commission. Directorate-General for Economic
     and Financial Affairs. European Economy. (No. 46.)
     Brussels, December 1990.

Harsgor, Michael. Portugal in Revolution. (Washington
     Papers, No. 32.) Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1976.

Hudson, Mark. Portugal to 1993: Investing in a European
     Future. (Special Report, No. 1157.) London: The Economist
     Intelligence Unit, 1989.

International Labor Organization. Employment and Basic Needs in
     Portugal. Geneva: 1979.

Kay, Hugh. Salazar and Modern Portugal. New York:
     Hawthorne Books, 1970.

Lewis, Paul H. "Salazar's Ministerial Elite, 1932-1968,"
     Journal of Politics, 40, No. 3, August 1978, 622-47.

Macedo, Jorge Bragda de, and Simon Serfaty (eds.). Portugal
     since the Revolution: Economic and Political
     Perspectives. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1981.

Makler, Harry M. A "Elite" industrial portuguesa. Lisbon:
     Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, 1969.

------. "The Portuguese Industrial Elite." Pages 147-165 in Graham,
     Lawrence S. and Harry M. Makler (eds.), Contemporary
     Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents. Austin:
     University of Texas Press, 1979.

Marques, Miguel A. "Why Is Portugal an Attractive Location for
     Investment?" Business America, May 20, 1991, 10-13.

Martins, Maria Belmira. Sociedades e Grupos em Portugal.
     Lisbon: Editorial Estampa, 1973.

Martins, Maria Belmira, and Chaves Rosa, José. O grupo estado:
     Anàlise e listagem completa das sociedades de sector publico
     empresarial. Lisbon: Editora SOJOURNAL, 1979.

Maxwell, Kenneth, and Michael H. Haltzel (eds.). Portugal:
     Ancient Country, Young Democracy. Washington: The Wilson
     Center Press, 1990.

Morrison, Rodney J. Portugal: Revolutionary Change in an Open
     Economy. Boston: Auburn House, 1981.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
     Economic Outlook: Historical Statistics, 1960-1990.
     Paris, 1992.

------. Economic Survey: Portugal, 1981. Paris, 1981.

------. Economic Survey: Portugal, 1988-89. Paris, 1989.

------. Economic Survey: Portugal, 1991-1992. Paris, 1992.

------. Economic Survey: Portugal, 1991-1992, Statistical
     Annex. Paris, 1992.

Palha, Ana Maria de Castro. The Banking and Financial System in
     Portugal. (Discussion paper, No. 3/1.) Lisbon: Banco de
     Portugal, April 1983.

Pattee, Richard. Portugal and the Portuguese World.
     Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Bruce, 1957.

Pearson, Scott R., et al. Portuguese Agriculture in
     Transition. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press,
     1987.

Pintado, Valentina Xavier. Structure and Growth of the
     Portuguese Economy. Geneva: European Free Trade
     Association, 1964.

Portugal. III Plano de Fomento para 1968-1973. Lisbon:
     Secretaria General da Assembléia Nacional, 1967.

------. Ministry of Finance. Estratégia de progresso
     controlado, 1. Lisbon, 1987.

------. Ministry of Finance. Agency for Financial Analysis of the
     State and Public Enterprises (GAFEEP), O financiamento de
     sector publico. Lisbon, n.d.

------. Ministry of Industry and Energy. O sector empresarial
     do estado na industria e energia: Análise e propostas de
     atuação. Lisbon, 1984.

------. Presidencia do Conselho. IV Plano de Fomento, 1974-
     1979, 1. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional, 1973.

"Portugal's Free Trade Ties in Europe Give New Thrust to Portugal's
     Growth," IMF Survey, 3, No. 4, April 22, 1974, 119-
     21.

Raby, Dawn Linda. "Portugal." Pages 357-72 in Joan Campbell and
     John P. Windmuller (eds.), European Labor Unions.
     Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1992.

Sanders, Thomas G. "Portuguese Migrants--International and
     Domestic," Universities Field Staff International
     Reports, No. 18, 1985, 1-8.

Schmitt, Hans O. Economic Stabilization and Growth in
     Portugal. (Occasional Paper, No. 2.) Washington:
     International Monetary Fund, April 1981.

Smith, T. Lynn. "The Social Relationship of Man to the Land in
     Portugal," Revue Internationale de Sociologie
     [Paris], 2, No. 2, December 1965, 1-30.

Spínola, Antonio de. Portugal and the Future. Johnnesburg:
     Perskor, 1974.

Stoleroff, Alan D. "Between Corporatism and Class Struggle: The
     Portuguese Labour Movement and the Cavaco Silva Governments,"
     West European Politics [London], 15, No. 4, October
     1992, 118-50.

Tovias, Alfred. Foreign Economic Relations of the European
     Community: The Impact of Spain and Portugal. Boulder,
     Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1990.

United Nations. Food and Agriculture Organization. Yearbook:
     Production, 1990, 44. Rome, 1991.

Veiga, Antonio Jorge da Motta. Draft of the Third Development
     Plan for 1968-1973. Lisbon: National Information Service,
     June 1967.

World Bank. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic
     Trends. Washington, 1978.

Yannopolous, George N. (ed.). European Integration and the
     Iberian Economies. New York: St. Martins Press, 1989.

    (Various issues of the following publications also were used in
the preparation of this chapter: Economist [London];
Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Portugal
[London]; Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Report:
Portugal [London]; Financial Times [London].)

Chapter 4

Agee, Warren Kendall, and Nelson Traquima. A Frustrated Fourth
     Estate:Portugal's Post-Revolutionary Mass Media.
     Columbia: Association for Education in Journalism and Mass
     Communication, College of Journalism, University of South
     Carolina, 1984.

"Aníbal Cavaco Silva." Pages 123-27 in Current Biography
     Yearbook, 1991. Bronx, New York: H. W. Wilson, 1991.

Barreto, José. "Portugal: Industrial Relations under Democracy."
     Pages 445-81 in Anthony Ferner and Richard Hyman (eds.),
     Industrial Relations in the New Europe. Oxford: Basil
     Blackwell, 1992.

Bermeo, Nancy. "Redemocratization and Transition Elections: A
     Comparison of Spain and Portugal," Comparative
     Politics, 19, No. 2, January 1987, 213-31.

------. The Revolution Within the Revolution: Workers' Control
     in Rural Portugal. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton
     University Press, 1986.

Blaustein, Albert P., and Gisbert H. Flanz (eds.).
     Constitutions of the Countries of the World. New
     York: Oceana, 1991.

Bruce, Neil. Portugal: The Last Empire. New York: Wiley,
     1975.

Bruneau, Thomas C. "Church and State in Portugal: Crises of Cross
     and Sword," Journal of Church and State, 18, No. 3,
     Autumn 1976, 463-90.

------. Politics and Nationhood: Post-Revolutionary
     Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1984.

Bruneau, Thomas C., and Mario Bacalhau. Os portugueses e a 
     politica quatro anos depois do 25 de abril. Lisbon
     Editorial Meseta, 1978.

Bruneau, Thomas C., and Alex Macleod. Politics in Contemporary
     Portugal: Parties and the Consolidation of Democracy.
     Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1986.

Bruneau, Thomas C., Victor M.P. da Rosa, and Alex Macleod (eds.).
     Portugal in Development: Emigration, Industrialization,
     and the European Community. Ottawa: University of Ottawa
     Press, 1984.

Calder, Carlos. "An Orange Sweep: The Portuguese General Election
     of 1991," West European Politics [London], 15, No. 2,
     April 1992, 167-70.

Corkill, David. "Portugal's Political Transformation: The Election
     of July 1987," Parliamentary Affairs [Oxford], 41,
     No. 2, April 1988, 247-57.

------. "The Portuguese Presidential Election of 13 January 1991,"
     West European Politics [London], 14, No. 4, October
     1991, 185-92.

Cruz, M. Braga da, and Miguel Lobo Antunes. "Revolutionary
     Transition and Problems of Parliamentary Institutionalization:
     The Case of the Portuguese National Assembly." Pages 154-83 in
     Ulrike Liebert and Maruizio Cotta (eds.), Parliament and
     Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe: Greece, Italy,
     Portugal, Spain and Turkey. London: Pinter, 1990.

Cunha, Carlos A. The Portuguese Communist Party's Strategy for
     Power, 1921-1986. New York: Garland, 1992.

Cutileiro, José. A Portuguese Rural Society. Oxford:
     Clarendon Press, 1971.

Eisfeld, Rainer. "Political and Economic Problems of Portugal's
     Accession to the EC," Assuntos Europeus,?? 1982, 345-
     81.

Ferreira, Hugo Gil, and Michael W. Marshall (eds.). Portugal's
     Revolution: Ten Years On. Cambridge: Cambridge University
     Press, 1986.

Figueiredo, António de. Portugal: Fifty Years of
     Dictatorship. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1975.

Gallagher, Tom. "Goodbye to Revolution: The Portuguese Election of
     July 1987," West European Politics [London], 11, No.
     1, January 1988, 140-45.

------. Portugal: A Twentieth Century Interpretation.
     Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1983.

------. "Portugal's Bid for Democracy: The Role of the Socialist
     Party," West European Politics [London], 2, No. 2,
     May 1979, 198-217.

------. "The Portuguese Communist Party." Pages 45-65 in Bogdan
     Szajkowski (ed.), Marxist Local Governments in Western
     Europe and Japan. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1985.

------. "Twice Choosing the Unexpected: the Portuguese Elections of
     1985 and 1986," West European Politics [London], 9,
     No. 4, October 1986, 233-37.

Gaspar, Carlos. "Portuguese Communism Since 1976: Limited Decline,"
     Problems of Communism, 39, No. 1, January-February
     1990, 45-63.

Gladdish, Ken. "Portugal: An Open Verdict." Pages 104-25 in
     Geoffrey Pridham (ed.), Securing Democracy: Political
     Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe.
     London: Routledge, 1990.

Graham, Lawrence S. Portugal: The Decline and Collapse of an
     Authoritarian Order. Beverly Hills, California: Sage,
     1975.

Graham, Lawrence S., and Harry M. Makler (eds.). Contemporary
     Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents. Austin:
     University of Texas Press, 1979.

Graham, Lawrence S., and Douglas L. Wheeler (eds.). In Search
     of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences,
     Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

Gunther, Richard. "Spain and Portugal." Pages 214-64 in Gerald A.
     Dorfman and Peter J. Duignan (eds.), Politics in Western
     Europe. (2d ed.) Stanford, California: Hoover Institution
     Press, 1991.

Harvey, Robert. Portugal: Birth of a Democracy. London:
     Macmillan, 1978.

Kay, Hugh. Salazar and Modern Portugal. New York: Hawthorn
     Books, 1970.

Macleod, Alex. "Portrait of a Model Ally: The Portuguese Communist
     Party and the International Communist Movement, 1968-1983,"
     Studies in Comparative Communism, 17, No. 1, Spring
     1984, 31-52.

MacDonald, Scott B. European Destiny, Atlantic Transformations:
     Portuguese Foreign Policy under the Second Republic, 1974-
     1992. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transcation, 1993.

Maxwell, Kenneth. "The Hidden Revolution in Portugual," New 
     York Review of Books, 22, No. 6, April 17, 1975, 29-35.

------. "Portugal under Pressure," New York Review of
     Books, 22, No. 9, May 29, 1975, 20-30.

------. "The Thorns of the Portuguese Revolution," Foreign
     Affairs, 54, No. 2, January 1976, 250-70.

Maxwell, Kenneth (ed.). Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of
     Democratic Consolidation. (Contributions in Political
     Science, No. 138.) New York: Greenwood Press, 1986.

------. (ed). Portugal: Ten Years After the Revolution: Reports
     of Three Columbia-Gulbenkian Workshops. New York:
     Research Institute on International Change, Columbia
     University Press, 1984.

Maxwell, Kenneth, and Michael H. Haltzel (eds.). Portugal:
     Ancient Country, Young Democracy. Washington: The Wilson
     Center Press, 1990.

Maxwell, Kenneth, and Scott C. Monje (eds.). Portugal: The
     Constitution and the Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-
     1989. (Camões Center Special Report, No. 2.) New York:
     Camões Center, 1990.

Opello, Walter C., Jr. "Local Government and Political Culture in
     a Portuguese Rural County," Comparative Politics, 13,
     No. 3, April 1981, 271-89.

------. "The New Parliament in Portugal," Legislative Studies
     Quarterly, 3, No. 2, May 1978, 309-34.

------. Portugal: From Monarchy to Pluralist Democracy.
     Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1991.

------. "Portugal's Parliament: An Organizational Analysis of
     Legislative Performance," Legislative Studies
     Quarterly, 11, No. 3, August 1986, 291-319.

------. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative
     Approach. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1985.

------. "The Second Portuguese Republic: Politico-Administrative
     Decentralization Since April 25, 1974," Iberian
     Studies [Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom], 7, No. 1,
     Spring 1978, 43-48.

Pimlott, Ben. "Portugal--Two Battles in the War of the
     Constitution," West European Politics [London], 4,
     No. 3, October 1981, 286-96.

Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the
     Revolution. London: Croom Helm, 1977.

Raby, Dawn Linda. "Portugal." Pages 357-372 in Joan Campbell (ed.),
     European Labor Unions. Westport, Conneticut:
     Greenwood Press, 1992.

Robinson, Richard Alan Hodgson. Contemporary Portugal: A
     History. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1979.

Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992. (Camões
     Center Special Report, No. 1.) New York: Camões Center, 1990.

Spínola, Antonio de. Portugal and the Future. Johnnesburg:
     Perskor, 1974.

Stoleroff, Alan D. "Between Corporatism and Class Struggle: The
     Portuguese Labour Movement and the Cavaco Silva Governments,"
     West European Politics [London], 15, No. 4, October
     1992, 118-50.

Wiarda, Howard J. Corporatism and Development: The Portuguese
     Experience. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press,
     1977.

------. Politics in Iberia: The Political Systems of Spain and
     Portugal. New York: Harper Collins, 1993.

------. The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal.
     Washington: The American Enterprise Institute for Public
     Research, 1989.

Chapter 5

Barata, Filipe Themudo. "The Defense Industry of Portugal,"
     NATO's Sixteen Nations [Brussels], (Special Issue,
     No. 2), 28, No. 6, 1983, 71-72, 74-75.

Bosgra, S.J., and Chr. van Krimpen. Portugal and NATO.
     Amsterdam: Angola Comité, 1972.

Brochado de Miranda, Jorge Manuel. "Air Operations in the Eastern
     Atlantic," NATO's 16 Nations [Brussels], 32,
     February-March 1987, 91-93.

Brochado de Miranda, Jorge Manuel. "Portugal." Pages 855-59 in
     Gregory R. Copley (ed.), Defense and Foreign Affairs
     Handbook 1989. Alexandria, Virginia: International Media,
     1989.

Bruneau, Thomas C. Politics and Nationhood: Post-Revolutionary
     Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1984.

Carneiro, F. Sá. "Portugal and the North Atlantic Alliance,"
     Atlantic Community Quarterly, 18, Winter 1980-81,
     387-93.

Crollen, Luc. Portugal, the United States, and NATO.
     (Studies in International Relations Series.) Leuven, Belgium:
     Leuven University Press, 1973.

Darnton, John. "Lisbon Officers Club: Coup Makers or Breakers?"
     New York Times, February 18, 1984, A2.

Davis, Brian L. NATO Forces: An Illustrated Reference to Their
     Organization and Insignia. London: Blandford, 1988.

Defense and Foreign Affairs Handbook 1989. (Ed., Gregory
     R. Copley.) Alexandria, Virginia: International Media, 1989.

Eisfeld, Ranier. "Revolutionäre und gegenrevolutionäre Bewegungen
     in Portugal seit 1974: Rolle und Entwicklung der
     Streitkräfte," Politische Vierteljahresschrift
     [Wiesbaden, Germany], 23, No. 2, July 1982, 153-77.

Gallagher, Tom. Portugal: A Twentieth Century
     Interpretation. Manchester: Manchester University Press,
     1983.

Gaspar, Carlos."Portuguese Communism Since 1976: Limited Decline,"
     Problems of Communism, 39, No. 1, January-February
     1990, 45-63.

Hammond, John L. "The Armed Forces Movement and the Portuguese
     Revolution: Two Steps Forward, One Step Back," Journal of
     Political and Military Sociology, 10, No. 1, Spring 1982,
     71-101.

Jane's Fighting Ships, 1990-91. London: Jane's Information
     Group, 1990.

Jane's NATO Handbook, 1990-91. Coulsdon, Surrey, United
     Kingdom: Jane's Informaton Group, 1990.

Leitão, António Egidio de Sousa. "The Portuguese Navy," Naval
     Forces [Aldershot, Hampshire, United Kingdom], 4, No. 5,
     1983, 24-29.

------. "The Strategic Relevance of the Azores," NATO's Sixteen
     Nations [Brussels], 29, No. 1, April-May 1984.

Manwaring, Max G., and Alan Ned Sabrosky. "Iberia's Role in NATO's
     Future: Strategic Reserve, Reinforcement, and Redoubt,"
     Parameters, 16, No. 1, Spring 1986, 48-54.

Maxwell, Kenneth (ed.). Portuguese Defense and Foreign Policy
     Since Democratization. (Camões Center Special Report, No.
     3.) New York: Camões Center, 1991.

Menual, Stewart. "The Geo-strategic Importance of the Iberian
     Peninsula," Conflict Studies No. 133. London:
     Institute for the Study of Conflict, 1981.

Midlane, Matthew. "The Spanish and Portuguese Defense Forces."
     Pages 126-56 in L.H. Gann (ed.), The Defense of Western
     Europe. Dover, Massachusetts: Auburn House, 1987.

______. "Portugal." Pages 483-88 in John Keegan (ed.), World
     Armies. Detroit: Gale Research, 1983.

Miguel, Mario Firmino. "Army Support of the Southern Flank: The
     First Composite Brigade," NATO's 16 Nations
     [Brussels], 33, October 1988, 67-68.

The Military Balance, 1990-1991. London: International
     Institute for Strategic Studies, 1990.

The Military Balance, 1991-1992. London: International
     Institute for Strategic Studies, 1991.

The Military Balance, 1992-1993. London: International
     Institute for Strategic Studies, 1992.

Milton, T.R. "Airpower in Iberia," Air Force Magazine, 69,
     No. 6, June 1986, 94-99.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization: Facts and Figures.
     Brussels: NATO Information Service, 1989.

Pereira, Bernardo Futscher. "Portugal and Spain." Pages 63-87 in
     Kenneth Maxwell (ed.), Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of
     Democratic Consolidation. (Constributions in Political
     Science, No. 138.) New York: Greenwood Press, 1986.

Platt, Alan. "NATO's Southern Flank: A Troubled Region." Pages 164-
     85 in Barry M. Blechman and Edward N. Luttwak (eds.),
     Global Security: A Review of Strategic and Economic
     Issues. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1987.

Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the
     Revolution. London: Croom Helm, 1977.

Portugal. Instituto National de Estatística. Anuário
     Estatístico 1988: Continente, Açores e Madeira. Lisbon,
     1988.

"Portugal." Pages 318-320 in Thomas Kurian (ed.), World
     Encyclopedia of Police Forces and Penal Systems. New
     York: Facts on File, 1988.

"Portugal." Pages 344-50 in Truppendienst Handbook: The Armies
     of the NATO Nations, 3. Vienna: Herold, 1987.

"Portugal." In DMS Market Intelligenge Reports. Greenwich,
     Connecticut: Jane's, 1989.

"Portuguese Air Force." Pages 385-88 in International Air
     Forces and Military Aircraft Directory. Stapleford
     Airfield, Essex, United Kingdom: Aviation Advisory Services,
     1989.

Robinson, H. Leslie. "Portugal." Pages 613-16 in Richard F. Staar
     (ed.), 1989 Yearbook on International Communist
     Affairs. Stanford, California: Hoover Institution Press,
     1989.

Robinson, Richard Alan Hodgson. Contemporary Portugal: A
     History. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1979.

Santos, Alberto. La Peninsula luso-iberique: Enjeu
     stratégique. Paris: Fondation pour les études de défence
     nationale, 1980.

Sharpe, Richard (ed.). Jane's Fighting Ships, 1990-91.
     London: Jane's, 1990.

Silva, Tomás George Conceição."Reorganization and Modernization of
     the Portuguese Air Force," NATO's Sixteen Nations
     [Brussels], 36, No. 1, February 1991, 64-67.

Snyder, Jed C. Defending the Fringe: NATO, the Mediterranean,
     and the Persian Gulf. (SAIS Papers in International
     Affairs, No. 11.) Washington: Johns Hopkins Foreign Policy
     Institute, 1987.

Spínola, Antonio de. Portugal and the Future. Johnnesburg:
     Perskor, 1974.

Stenhouse, Mark, and Bruce George. "Portugal." Pages 40-43 in Bruce
     George (ed.), Jane's NATO Handbook, 1989-90.
     Coulsdon, Surrey, United Kingdom: Jane's Information Group,
     1989.

Stenhouse, Mark. "Portugal." Pages 389-92 in Bruce George (ed.),
     Jane's NATO Handbook, 1990-91. Coulsdon, Surrey,
     United Kingdom: Jane's Information Group, 1990.

Thomas, Nigel. NATO Armies Today. London: Osprey, 1988.

United States. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. World
     Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, 1989.
     Washington: GPO, 1990.

______. Department of Defense. Terrorist Group Profiles.
     Washington: GPO, 1988.

______. Department of State. Background Notes: Portugal.
     Washington: GPO, 1990.

______. Department of State. Country Reports on Human Rights
Practices for 1989: Report submitted to the Committee on Foreign
     Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives, and Committee on
     Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Washington: GPO, 1990.

______. Department of State. Country Reports on Human Rights
     Practices for 1990: Report submitted to the Committee on
     Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate, and Committee on Foreign
     Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives. Washington: GPO,
     1991.

"Unsteady Course: Political Stability Being Attained by Inches,"
     The Economist [London], 291, No. 7348, June 30, 1984,
     7-10.

Vasconcelos, Alvaro. "Portugal and NATO," NATO Review, 34,
     No. 2, April 1986, 8-14.

______. "Portuguese Defense Policy: Internal Politics and Defence
     Commitments." Pages 86-139 in John Chipman (ed.), NATO's
     Southern Allies: Internal and External Challenges.
     London: Routledge, 1988.

Wigg, Richard. "Neighbors with Their Backs to Each Other."
     NATO's Sixteen Nations [Brussels], (Special Issue,
     No. 2.), 28, No. 6, 1983, 44-45, 48.

Williams, Louis A. "The Atlantic Connection--IBERLANT," NATO's
     Sixteen Nations [Brussels], (Special Issue, No. 2.), 28,
     No. 6, 1983, 30-31, 33-35, 38.

    (Various issues of the following publications were also used in
the preparation of this chapter: DMS Market Intelligence
Reports; Economist [London]; Foreign Broadcast
Information Service, Daily Report: West Europe; Jane's
Defence Weekly [London]; Jornal do Exército [Lisbon];
Keesing's Record of World Events; New York Times;
Washington Post; Foreign Broadcast Information Service,
Daily Report: West Europe.)