Appendix A. Tables

Table 1. Metric Conversion Coofficients and Factors

When you kowMultiply byTo find
Millimeters0.04inches
Centimeters0.39inches
Meters3.3feet
Kilometers0.62miles
Hectares2.47acres
Square kilometers0.39square miles
Cubic meters35.3cubic feet
Liters0.26gallons
Kilograms2.2pounds
Metric tons0.98long tons
1.1short tons
2,204pounds
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade)1.8 and add 32degrees Fahrenheit

Table 2. Structure of Investmnets by Economic Sector, Selected Years, 1951-80

(in percentages)
Sector1951-551966-701976- 80
Industry
Group A (heavy industry)46.742.342.1
Group B (light industry)7.07.67.1
Total industry53.749.949.2
Construction3.63.85.9
Agriculture and forestry11.316.013.7
Transportation and communications10.310.210.6
Housing10.19.410.2
Other11.010.710.4
TOTAL100.0100.0100.0

Source: Based on information from Michael Shafir, Romania: Politics, Economics, and Society, Boulder, Colorado, 1985, 108.

Table 3. Projected State Budget Revenues, 1989

(in millions of lei)*
Source of RevenueAmount
Self-financed state enterprises, cooperatives, and public units
Profit payments55,220.2
Turnover taxes233,283.0
Taxes on incomes of public units and cooperatives2,658.0
Total291,161.2
Income taxes on the wage fund50,924.0
State social insurance47,275.0
Direct income taxes5,727.4
Taxes on agricultural cooperatives1,590.0
Unexplained sources of revenue26,795.9
TOTAL423,473.5

*For value of the leu--see Glossary.

Source: Based on information from "Legea planului national unic de dezvoltare economico-sociala a Republicii Socialiste Romānia pe anul 1989," Scīnteia [Bucharest], December 2, 1988, 1-2.

Table 4. Projected State Budget Expenditures, 1989

(in millions of lei)*
SectorAmount
Financing the national economy183,373.4
Social and cultural needs107,041.8
Defense11,753.3
Administration, court system4,000.7
Scientific research and development and application of new technologies1,103.0
Expenditures not itemized116,201.3
TOTAL423,473.5

*For value of the leu--see Glossary.

Source: Based on information from "Legea planului national unic de dezvoltare economico-sociala a Republicii Socialiste Romānia pe anul 1989," Scīnteia [Bucharest], December 2, 1988, 1-2.

Table 5. Structure of the Labor Force by Sector, 1950 and 1982

(in percentages)
Sector19501982
Industry12.036.5
Agriculture74.128.6
Construction2.27.7
Transportation1.96.2
Trade2.55.9
Municipal services, education, and arts2.34.1
Public health1.12.8
Science and scientific services0.21.1
Telecommunications0.30.8
Administration1.70.6
Forestry0.20.4
Other1.55.3
TOTAL100.0100.0

Source: Based on information from East European Economic Handbook, London, 1985, 202.

Table 6. Trading Partners, 1960, 1970, and 1980

(in percentages)
Type of Partner196019701980
Comecon countries66.849.033.7
Other socialist countries6.26.86.8
Advanced capitalist countries22.135.632.8
Developing countries4.68.225.2
Other countries0.30.41.5
TOTAL100.0100.0100.0

Source: Based on information from Michael Shafir, Romania: Politics, Economics, and Society, Boulder, Colorado, 1985, 49.

Table 7. Foreign Trade by Commodity Group, 1950, 1975, and, 1950-80

(in percentages)
195019751985
Commodity GroupExportsImportsExportsImp ortsExportsImports
Fuels, minerals, and metals33.823.530.451.0
Machinery and equipment4.238.322.840.334.726.7
Industrial consumer goods1.310.218.15.516.94.2
Chemical products1.74.57.06.79.86.4
Other nonfood raw materials28.921.410.210.14.45.6
Foodstuffs14.10.312.13.06.32.3
Other16.01.87.14.03.03.8
TOTAL100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

Source: Based on information from Romania, Anuarul Statistic al Republicii Socialiste Romānia, 1986, Bucharest, 1987, 294.

Table 8. Planned Changes in the Energy Balance, 1980 and 1990

(in percentages)
Energy Source19801990
Oil and gas405
Coal4044
Hydroelectric1824
Nuclear018
Other29
TOTAL100100

Source: Based on information from Richard F. Staar, Communist Regimes in Eastern Europe, Stanford, California, 1988, 206.

Table 9. Growth of the Electric Power Industry, Selected Years, 1950-90

YearInstalled CapacityOutput
(in megawatts)(in gigawatt- hours)
19507402,113
19601,7797,650
197011,57853,721
198016,10967,034
1990*23,018n.a.

n.a.--not available.
*As projected.

Source: Based on information from "Elektroenergekika Sotsialisticheskoi Respubliki Rumynii," Elektricheskie stantsii [Moscow], No. 11, 1986, 74-75.

Table 10. Membership of the Romanian Communist Party, 1970 and 1988

19701988
GroupNumberPercentage NumberPercentage
Workers867,29043.42,042,95155.1
Peasants531,44726.6575,75115.5
Intelligentsia481,08324.0757,15720.4
Pensioners and housewives119,9006.0333,8769.0
TOTAL1,999,720100.03,709,735100.0

Source: Based on information from Richard F. Staar, Communist Regimes in Eastern Europe, Stanford, California, 1988, 196.