Appendix A. Tables

Table 1. Metric Conversion Coofficients and Factors


When you kow	Multiply by	To find
Millimeters	0.04	inches
Centimeters	0.39	inches
Meters	3.3	feet
Kilometers	0.62	miles
Hectares	2.47	acres
Square kilometers	0.39	square miles
Cubic meters	35.3	cubic feet
Liters	0.26	gallons
Kilograms	2.2	pounds
Metric tons	0.98	long tons
	1.1	short tons
	2,204	pounds
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade)	1.8 and add 32	degrees Fahrenheit

Table 2. Population Distribution and Density by Province, 1983

Province	Population	Density1
Aali an Nil	1,471,540	6.8
Al Awsat	4,026,668	28.3
Al Istiwai	1,406,181	5.3
Al Khartum	1,802,299	85.5
Ash Shamali	1,067,098	2.2
Ash Sharqi	2,208,199	6.5
Bahr al Ghazal	2,265,510	10.6
Darfur	3,093,660	6.8
Kurdufan	3,074,797	8.1
SUDAN	20,415,9522	8.6

1Inhabitants per square kilometer.
2Adjusted total population in 1983 was 21,593,000.

Source: Based on information from Sudan, Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, Department of Statistics, 1983 Preliminary Census Results, Khartoum, 1984, passim; and Sudan, Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, Department of Statistics, Khartoum, unpublished data.

Table 3. Population of Major Towns, Census Years 1973 and 1983

Town	1973	1983
Al Qadarif	66,465	119,002
Al Ubayyid	90,073	139,446
Kassala	99,652	142,909
Khartoum	333,906	476,218
Khartoum North	150,989	341,155
Omdurman	n.a.	526,284
Port Sudan	132,632	212,741
Wad Madani	106,715	141,065

n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from Sudan, Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, Department of Statistics, 1983 Preliminary Census Results, Khartoum, 1984, passim.

Table 4. Enrollment, Teachers, and Institutions by Level of Education, 1985-86

Level	Enrollment	Teachers	Institu tions
Preprimary1	235,943	5,569	4,003
Primary2	1,766,738	50,389	7,009
Secondary
General2	542,788	21,970	n.a.
Teacher training1	3,444	479	n.a.
Vocational2	23,150	1,280	n.a.
Total secondary	569,382	23,729	n.a.
Universities and higher institutes1	37,367	2,165	n.a.

n.a.--not available.
11985 figures.
21986 figures.

Source: Based on information from ""Sudan--Statistical Survey,"" The Middle East and North Africa, 1991, London, 1990, 801.

Table 5. Government Budget, 1983-84, 1984- 85, and 1985-861

**(in millions of Sudanese pounds)2**
Revenues	1983-84	1984-85	1985- 86
Direct taxes	404.5	300.5	351.6
Indirect taxes	839.9	984.6	1,222.6
Other	224.6	200,4	216.2
Total revenues	1,469.0	1,485.5	1,790.4
Expenditures
Ordinary budget
Defense and security	260.6	462.0	473.1
Economic services	74.3	196.0	208.0
Social services	69.9	160.8	182.0
Loan repayments	212.0	118.0	465.4
Provincial governments	270.3	360.5	557.0
Other	755.6	1,214.9	1,492.8
Total ordinary budget	1,642.7	2,512.2	3,378.3
Development budget
Agricultural sector	135.4	139.1	96.3
Industrial sector	119.2	110.1	74.6
Transportation and communications	67.6	52.1	57.9
Services sector	59.4	54.3	32.5
Other	101.4	97.4	107.8
Total development budget	483.0	453.0	369.1
Total expenditures	2,125.7	2,965.2	3,747.4

1Years ending June 30.
2For value of the Sudanese pound--see Glossary.

Source: Based on information from ""Sudan--Statistical Survey,"" The Middle East and North Africa, 1991, London, 1990, 799.

Table 6. Gross Domestic Product by Sector, 1985-86 to 1988-891

**(in percentages)**
Sector	1985-86	1986-87	1987- 88	1988-89
Agriculture	32.0	34.0	32.0	36.0
Commerce	22.0	15.0	15.0	n.a.
Transportation and communications	10.0	11.0	11.0	n.a.
Manufacturing and mining	10.0	7.0	8.0	8.2
Construction	4.0	5.0	6.0	4.6
Electricity and water	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	1.8
Government services	10.0	n.a.	n.a.	11.5
Other services	12.0	26.0	25.0	37.8
TOTAL2	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

n.a.--not available; included in other categories.
1Years ending June 30.

2At factor cost. Figures may not add to totals because of rounding.

Table 7. Principal Crops, 1986-88

**(in thousands of tons)**
Crop	1986	1987	1988
Cassava (manioc)1	80	80	65
Cotton, seed	413	5461	3942
Cottonseed1	271	300	290
Cotton lint1	150	174	130
Dates2	120	125	120
Mangoes2	128	130	128
Millet	285	1531	5501
Peanuts (in shell)	379	434	5271
Sesame seed	216	258	2781
Sorghum (durra)	2,282	1,300	4,6401
Sugarcane	4,500	5,000	4,500
Tomatoes2	155	160	158
Watermelons2	130	127	125
Wheat	199	157	1811
Yams2	116	118	120

1Unofficial estimate.
2Food and Agriculture Organization estimate.

Source: Based on information from ""Sudan--Statistical Survey,"" The Middle East and North Africa, 1991, London, 1990, 798.

Table 8. Principal Exports, 1986-89

(in millions of Sudanese pounds)*
Commodity	1986	1987	1988	1989
Cotton	366.7	455.2	978.4	1,348.8
Sesame	58.8	134.8	269.0	333.3
Gum arabic	141.7	267.1	281.6	313.0
Sorghum (durra)	n.a.	248.8	106.7	297.1
Sheep and lambs	66.8	42.9	124.5	192.5
Other	199.2	348.3	530.2	538.4
TOTAL	833.2	1,497.1	2,290.4	3,023.1

n.a.--not available.
*For value of the Sudanese pound--see Glossary.

Table 9. Principal Imports, 1986-89

(in millions of Sudanese pounds)*
Commodity	1986	1987	1988	1989
Manufactured goods	481.4	501.0	1,042.6	1,178.5
Petroleum and petroleum products	292.6	497.9	1,044.6	1,082.2
Machinery and equipment	405.7	484.9	776.1	826.4
Transportation equipment	n.a.	368.9	507.8	786.6
Chemicals	342.9	248.1	500.9	399.1
Wheat and flour	120.5	199.6	402.2	412.8
Other	687.2	312.5	497.9	687.8
TOTAL	2,402.2	2,612.9	4,772.1	5,373.4

n.a.--not available.
*For value of the Sudanese pound--see Glossary.

Table 10. Principal Trading Partners, 1987- 89

**(in percentages)**
Country	1987	1988	1989
Exports
Egypt	17.2	17.2	n.a.
Saudi Arabia	n.a.	n.a.	16.8
Italy	10.7	10.7	7.4
Soviet Union	n.a.	8.0	n.a.
Japan	7.4	7.4	10.9
Thailand	7.0	7.0	8.0
China	n.a.	n.a.	7.3
Britain	n.a.	n.a.	6.5
France	4.7	4.7	n.a.
Imports
United States	12.1	6.6	n.a.
Saudi Arabia	10.4	11.8	14.1
Britain	10.0	9.3	8.3
Netherlands	6.5	6.4	5.3
Japan	6.2	n.a.	n.a.
Libya	n.a.	n.a.	6.0
Italy	6.0	5.6	n.a.
West Germany	n.a.	5.9	5.8

n.a.--not available.

Table 11. Balance of Payments, 1986- 881

**(in millions of United States dollars)**
	1986	1987	1988
Merchandise exports (f.o.b.)2	326.8	265.0	427.0
Merchandise imports (f.o.b.)	- 633.7	-694.8	- 948.5
Trade balance	-306.9	-429.7	-521.5
Exports of services	228.8	192.2	171.6
Imports of services	-272.8	-323.1	-341.3
Balance on goods and services	- 350.9	-560.6	- 691.2
Private unrequited transfers (net)	89.3	133.7	216.3
Government unrequited transfers (net)	244.2	194.6	117.0
Current account balance	-17.4	-232.4	-358.0
Long-term capital (net)	- 110.4	-235.7	63.1
Short-term capital (net)	15.1	322.4	5.0
Capital account balance	-95.3	86.7	68.1
Errors and omissions (net)	- 89.4	-185.3	7.5
Valuation changes (net)	-83.1	-142.6	44.7
Exceptional financing (net)	248.0	295.4	287.1
Changes in reserves	-37.6	-178.3	49.5

1Figures may not add because of rounding.
2f.o.b.--free on board.

Source: Based on information from ""Sudan--Statistical Survey,"" The Middle East and North Africa, 1991, London, 1990, 800.

Table 12. Major Army Equipment, 1991

Type and Description	Country of Origin	In Inventory
Main battle tanks
T-54/55	Soviet Union	200
Type 59	China	10
M-60A3	United States	20
Light tanks
Type 62	China	70
Armored reconnaissance vehicles
AML-90	France	6
Saladin	Britain	15
Ferret	-do-	50
BRDM 1/2	Soviet Union	30
Armored personnel carriers
BTR-50/152	-do-	40
OT-62/64	Czechoslovakia	30
M-113	United States	36
V-100/150 Commando	-do-	80
Walid	Egypt	100
Artillery
M-101, 105mm	United States	18
Model 56, 105mm	-do-	6
D-74, 122mm	-do-	4
M-1938, 122mm	-do-	24
Type 54/D-30, 122mm	Soviet Union/China	42
M-46/Type 59-1, 130mm	-do-	27
D-20, 152mm	Soviet Union	4
M-114A1, 155mm	United States	12
AMX Mk F-3, 155mm, self-propelled	France	6
Multiple rocket launchers
BM-21, 122mm	Soviet Union	4
Antitank weapons
Swingfire guided-wire missiles	Egypt	4
M-1942 76mm guns	Soviet Union	18
M-1944 100mm guns	-do-	20
B-10 82mm recoilless rifles	-do-	30
M-40A1 106mm recoilless rifles	United States	100
Mortars
M-43, 120mm	Soviet Union	12
AM-49, 120mm	-do-	24

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1991- 1992, London, 1991, 119.

Table 13. Major Air Force Equipment, 1991

Type and Description	Country of Origin	In Inventory
Fighter ground attack aircraft/F-5E/F	United States	9
J-5	China	10
J-6	-do-	9
Fighter aircraft
MiG-211	Soviet Union	8
MiG-232	-do-	3
J-6	China	6
Counterinsurgency aircraft
BAC-167 Mk Strikemaster1	Britain	3
BAC Jet Provost Mk 55	-do-	3
Transport aircraft
C-130H Hercules	United States	5
An-24	-do-	53
DHC-5D Buffalo	Canada	2
C-212 Aviocar	Brazil	4
EMB-110P	-do-	6
F-27 Friendship	Netherlands	1
Falcon 20/50 executive jet	France	2
Maritime reconnaissance aircraft
Casa C-212 Aviocar	Brazil	2
Helicopters
AB-212	Italy	11
IAR/SA-330 Puma	France/Romania	15
Mi-4	Soviet Union	4
Mi-8	-do-	14
Mi-24 (armed)	-do-	2
Training aircraft
MiG-15U	-do-	4
MiG-21U	-do-	4
JJ-5	China	2
JJ-6	-do-	2

1Nonoperational.
2One operational.
3Stored.

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1991- 1992, London, 1991, 119; and Forecast International/DMS Market Intelligence Report, Middle East and Africa, Greenwich, Connecticut, 1990.

Table 14. Major Air Defense Equipment, 1991

Type and Description	Country of Origin	In Inventory
Antiaircraft guns
M-167 Vulcan, 20mm	United States	n.a.
M-163 Vulcan, 20mm, self-propelled	- do-	n.a.
ZU-23-2, 37mm	Egypt	n.a.
M-1939/Type 63, 37mm	China	120
L-60 Bofors, 40mm	Sweden	60
KS-12, 85mm	Soviet Union	n.a.
KS-19, 100mm	-do-	n.a.
Surface-to-air missiles
SA-2 high altitude, radar-guided	-do-	18 launchers
SA-7 man-portable, short-range	-do-	n.a.
Redeye	United States	n.a.

n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1991- 1992, London, 1991, 119.

Table 15. Major Naval Equipment, 1991

Type and Description	Country of Origin	In Inventory
Patrol craft
Coastal, 70 tons (from Iran), each with one Oerlikon 20mm gun	West Germany	2
Sewart, 10 tons (from Iran), each with one 12.7mm machine gun	United States	4
Inshore (river operations) type 15, 19.5 tons, each with one Oerlikon 20mm gun and two 7.62mm machine guns	Yugoslavia	4
Amphibious craft
Sobat (DTM-221) LCU, 410 tons	-do-	2

Source: Based on information from Jane's Fighting Ships, 1991- 92, Coulsdon, Surrey, United Kingdom, 1991, 512-13.