Appendix A. Tables

Table 1. Metric Conversion Coofficients and Factors


When you kow	Multiply by	To find
Millimeters	0.04	inches
Centimeters	0.39	inches
Meters	3.3	feet
Kilometers	0.62	miles
Hectares	2.47	acres
Square kilometers	0.39	square miles
Cubic meters	35.3	cubic feet
Liters	0.26	gallons
Kilograms	2.2	pounds
Metric tons	0.98	long tons
	1.1	short tons
	2,204	pounds
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade)	1.8 and add 32	degrees Fahrenheit

Table 2. Population by Administrative Division, 1971, 1981, and 1985

**(in thousands)**
State, Territory, or District	1971 1	1981 1	1985 2
Amazonas Territory	22	46	71
Anzoátegui	506	684	783
Apure	165	188	231
Aragua	543	892	1,109
Barinas	231	326	413
Bolívar	392	668	824
Carabobo	659	1,062	1,341
Cojedes	94	134	166
Delta Amacuro Territory	48	57	83
Falcón	408	504	576
Federal District (Caracas)	1,861	2,071	2,451
Guárico	319	393	439
Lara	671	945	1,096
Mérida	347	459	552
Miranda	856	1,421	1,714
Monagas	298	389	452
Nueva Esparta	119	197	236
Portuguesa	297	425	519
Sucre	469	586	676
Táchira	511	660	765
Trujillo	381	434	507
Yaracuy	224	301	340
Zulia	1,299	1,674	1,982
TOTAL	10,720	14,516	17,326

1Census figures.
2Midyear estimates.

Source: Based on information from Federal Republc of Germany, Statistisches Bundesamt, Länderbericht Venezuela, 1987, Wiesbaden, 1987, 19.

Table 3. Population Density by Administrative Division, 1971 and 1985

**(inhabitants per square kilometer)**
State, Territory, or District	19711	19852
Amazonas Territory	0.1	0.4
Anzoátegui	11.7	18.1
Apure	2.2	3.0
Aragua	77.4	158.1
Barinas	6.6	11.7
Bolívar	1.6	3.5
Carabobo	141.7	288.4
Cojedes	6.4	11.2
Delta Amacuro Territory	1.2	2.1
Falcón	16.5	23.2
Federal District (Caracas)	964.2	1,269.9
Guárico	4.9	6.8
Lara	33.9	55.4
Mérida	30.7	48.8
Miranda	107.7	215.6
Monagas	10.3	15.6
Nueva Esparta	103.5	205.2
Portuguesa	19.5	34.1
Sucre	39.7	57.3
Táchira	46.0	68.9
Trujillo	51.5	68.5
Yaracuy	31.5	47.9
Zulia	20.6	31.4

1Census figures.
2Midyear estimates.

Source: Based on information from Federal Republc of Germany, Statistisches Bundesamt, Länderbericht Venezuela, 1987, Wiesbaden, 1987, 19.

Table 4. Population of the Largest Cities, 1971 and 1981

**(in thousands)**
City	19711	19811
Caracas
City limits	1,035	1,817
Metropolitan area	2,184	2,9442
Total Caracas	3,219	4,761
Maracaibo	652	889
Valencia	367	616
Barquisimeto	331	497
Maracay	255	440
San Cristóbal	152	199
Cumaná	120	192
Ciudad Bolívar	104	182
Maturín	98	155

1Census figures.
21980 figure.

Source: Based on information from Federal Republic of Germany, Statistisches Bundesamt, Länderbericht Venezuela, 1987, Wiesbaden, 1987, 19.

Table 5. Schools, Teachers, and Enrollments by Public and Private Institutions, 1974-75 and 1983-84

	1974-75			1983- 84
Public	Private	Total	Public	Private	Total
Preschool
Schools	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Teachers	2,986	1,252	4,238	15,440	4,008	19,448
Enrollment1	108,500	43,800	152,300	442,700	80,600	523,300
Primary
Schools2	9,982	1,116	11,098	11,397	1,285	12,682
Teachers	54,276	8,922	63,198	71,454	9,176	80,630
Enrollment1	1,764,100	226,000	1,990,100	2,338,400	303,000	2,641,400
Secondary3
Schools	735	438	1,173	1,486	710	2,196
Teachers	24,222	9,133	33,355	41,350	13,964	55,314
Enrollment1	513,100	118,100	631,200	786,200	177,200	963,400
Higher Education4
Schools	26	12	38	535	275	805
Teachers	13,228	1,376	14,604	24,633	4,072	28,705
Enrollment1	172,100	21,200	193,300	320,800	63,900	384,700

n.a.--not available.
1Rounded off to nearest hundred.
2Includes preschools.
3Middle schools and high schools.
4Universities, teachers' colleges, technical colleges, polytechnical institutes, and other comparable institutions.
51981-82 figures.

Source: Based on information from Federal Republic of Germany, Statistisches Bundesamt, Länderbericht Venezuela, 1987, Wiesbaden, 1987, 25-26.

Table 6. Mortality Rate for Ten Most Common Causes of Death, 1973 and 1981

**(in percentages)**
Causes of Death	1973	1981
Heart disease	10.9	14.8
Cancer	7.9	9.4
Accidents	7.8	11.7
Diarrheal diseases	7.5	3.8
Perinatal complications	6.7	7.5
Pneumonia	6.6	4.7
Cerebrovascular diseases	4.5	5.5
Suicides and homicides	2.1	2.7
Congenital anomalies	1.6	1.9
Diabetes	1.4	2.2

Source: Based on information from Hernán Méndez Castellano, Aproximación a la salud de la Venezuela del siglo XXI, Caracas, 1985, 77-84; Venezuela, Ministerio de Sanidad y Asistencia Social, Anuario de epidemiología y estadística del Ministerio de Sanidad y Asistencia Social, Caracas, 1973; and Anuario de epidemiología y estadística del Ministerio de Sanidad y Asistencia Social, Caracas, 1981.

Table 7. Medical Facilities and Personnel, Selected Years, 1974-81

	1974	1976	1978	1979	1981
Hospitals	353	n.a.	444	n.a.	446
Hospitals beds	34,263	36,163	41,386	40,575	n.a.
Inhabitants per hospital bed	345	n.a.	n.a.	378	n.a.
Physicians	13,017	n.a.	14,771	15,368	n.a.
Inhabitants per physician	908	n.a.	1,004	999	n.a.
Dentists	3,439	n.a.	4,342	n.a.	n.a.
Inhabitants per dentist	3,435	n.a.	3,417	n.a.	n.a.
Pharmacists	3,175	3,187	3,187	n.a.	n.a.
Registered nurses	8,426	8,833	9,077	n.a.	11,885
Nurses aides	22,993	26,804	29,984	n.a.	n.a.
Midwives	2,503	*	*	n.a.	n.a.

n.a.--not available.
*1977 figure was 1,200.

Source: Based on information from Federal Republic of Germany Statistiches Bundesamt, Länderbericht Venezuela, 1987, Wiesbaden, 1987, 11, 23.

Table 8. Consumer Prices, 1986-90

	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990
Average consumer price index	124.3	159.2	206.1	380.2	534.8
Percent change from previous year	11.6	28.1	29.5	84.5	40.7
Percent change in wholesale prices	20.1	48.1	17.0	106.2	n.a.

n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Venezuela, Suriname, Netherlands Antilles, 1990-91, London, 1991, 14; and information provided by United States Embassy, Caracas.

Table 9. Oil Production, 1985-90

**(in thousands of barrels per day)**
Year	Crude	Condensates	Liquefied Natural Gas	Refined
1985	1,558	119	63	864
1986	1,626	152	102	903
1987	1,556	176	83	797
1988	1,680	188	109	1,095
1989	1,812	112	112	942
1990	2,357	37	114	993

Source: Based on information provided by the United States Embassy, Caracas.

Table 10. Petroleum Refining Capacity of the Venezuelan Petroleum Corporation, 1988

**(in thousands of barrels per day)**
Subsidiary and Location	Capacity	Processing
Lagoven
Amuay	600	415
Maraven
Punta Cardón	291	286
Corpoven
Puerto La Cruz	195	129
El Palito and El Toreño	110	110
San Roque	5	5
TOTAL	1,201	945

Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Venezuela, Suriname, Netherlands Antilles, 1989-90, London, 1990, 21.

Table 11. Trade and Current Account Statistics, 1985-89

**(in millions of United States dollars)**
	1985	1986	1987	1988	19892
Merchandise imports (f.o.b.)1	7,501	7,862	8,832	10,872	7,145
Merchandise exports (f.o.b.)1	14,283	9,122	10,567	10,114	12,935
Trade balance	6,782	1,260	1,735	- 758	5,790
Current account balance	3,327	-1,471	-1,125	- 4,692	2,295

1f.o.b.--free on board.
2Preliminary.

Source: Based on information from United States, Department of Commerce, Foreign Economic Trends and Their Implications for the United States: Venezuela, Washington, 1989, 2; United States, Department of Commerce, Foreign Economic Trends and Their Implications for the United States: Venezuela, Washington, 1990, 1; and Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Venezuela, Suriname, Netherlands Antilles, 1990-91, London, 1991, 36.

Table 12. External Debt, 1985-89

**(in millions of United States dollars)**
	1985	1986	1987	1988	19891
Total external debt	35,240	34,550	35,205	34,657	34,108
Public disbursed debt	17,645	25,241	25,088	25,413	26,177
Debt service	4,740	5,088	4,743	5,512	6,497
Debt service ratio2	27.0	42.8	37.4	43.0	44.4
Private debt as a percentage of total external debt	24.5	22.4	17.3	14.1	12.6
Short-term debt as a percentage of total external debt	25.4	4.6	11.5	12.6	8.3

1Estimated.
2In percentages.

Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Venezuela, Suriname, Netherlands Antilles, 1990-91, London, 1991, 39.

Table 13. Major Army Equipment, 1990


Type and Description	Country of Origin	In Inventory
Tanks
AMX-30	France	81
AMX-13 (light)	-do-	36
M-18 (light)	United States	35
Armored personnel carriers
AMX-VCI	France	25
V-100	United States	70
V-150	-do-	50
M-113	-do-	46
Self-propelled artillery
M-109 (155mm)	United States	10
MKF3 (155mm)	France	20
Field artillery
Model 56	Italy	40
M-101	United States	30
Multiple-rocket launchers
LARS AMX-13 (160mm)	Israel/France	25
Fixed-wing aircraft
BN-2	Britain	1
Cessna 172	United States	3
Cessna 182	-do-	3
4206	-do-	6
King Air	-do-	1
Queen Air	-do-	1
Super King Air 200	-do-	1
G-222	Italy	2
Helicopters
A-109	Italy	6
AS-61R	United States/Italy	4
Bell 205	United States	3
UH-1H	-do-	6
Bell 476	-do-	2
Bell 206	-do-	2

Table 14. Major Navy and Coast Guard Equipment, 1990

Type and Description	Country of Origin	In Inventory
Navy
Submarines
209 class (type 1300)	West Germany	2
Guppy II class	United States	1
Frigates
Lupo class	Italy	5
Amphibious craft
Capana class	United States	4
Terrebonne Paris class	-do-	2
Utility landing craft (LCUs)	-do-	2
Patrol craft
LCVP landing craft	Venezuela	12
Shipborne aircraft (helicopters)
Augusta AB12 antisubmarine warfare aircraft	Italy	10
Land-based maritime aircraft
CASA C-212A/MR	Spain	4
Grumman S-2E Tracker	United States	6
Coast Guard
Patrol craft
Almiante Clemente class	Italy	2
Constitution class	Britain	6
Cherokee class	United States	2

Table 15. Major Air Force Equipment, 1990

Type and Description	Country of Origin	In Inventory
Fighter
F-16A	United States	18
F-16B	-do-	6
CF-5A	-do-	10
CF-5B	-do-	2
Mirage 50	France	7
Mirage IIIEV	-do-	18
Mirage 5V	-do-	2
Mirage 5DV	-do-	1
Bombers
Canberra	Britain	18
Counterinsurgency
EMB-312	Brazil	18
OV-10E Broncos	United States	14
Reconnaissance
Canberra PR-83	Britain	3
Transport
C-47	United States	5
C-123	-do-	7
C-130H	-do-	6
G-222	Italy	6
Trainers
EMB-312	Brazil	18
T-2D	United States	19
T-52	-do-	12
T-34	-do-	23
Attack helicopters
SA-316	France	10
UH-1D	United States	12
UH-1H	-do-	4
Transport helicopters
Bell 206	-do-	16
Bell 412	-do-	2
UH-1N	-do-	2
HB-350B	Brazil/France	5

Table 16. Major Armed Forces of Cooperation Equipment

Type and Description	Country of Origin	In Inventory
Armored personnel carriers
UR-416	West Germany	25
Shorland	France	15
Fixed-wing aircraft
Beechcraft Baron	United States	1
Cessna 4206	-do-	1
Cessna 337	-do-	2
Cessna 402C	-do-	1
King Air 90	-do-	1
King Air 200C	-do-	1
Queen Air 80	-do-	2
BN-2A	Britain	1
IAI-201	Israel	4
Helicopters
A-109	Italy	4
Bell 206	United States	15
Bell 214ST	-do-	2
Coastal patrol craft
Type A	Italy/Venezuela	28
Bertram type	United States	12
Monark type	-do-	12
River patrol craft
Lago class	-do-	10
Monark type	-do-	15