IRAN - A Country Study

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• Iran
• Foreword
• Acknowledgments
• Preface
• Country Profile
  • COUNTRY
  • GEOGRAPHY
  • SOCIETY
  • ECONOMY
  • TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
  • GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
  • NATIONAL SECURITY
• Introduction
• Chapter 1. Historical Setting
  • Ancient Iran
    • Pre-Achaemenid Iran
    • Immigration of the Medes and the Persians
    • The Achaemenid Empire, 550-330 B.C.
    • Alexander the Great, the Seleucids, and the Parthians
    • The Sassanids, A.D. 224-642
    • Islamic Conquest
  • INVASIONS OF THE MONGOLS AND TAMERLANE
  • THE SAFAVIDS, 1501-1722
  • THE QAJARS, 1795-1925
    • The Constitutional Revolution
    • World War I
  • THE ERA OF REZA SHAH, 1921-41
  • WORLD WAR II AND THE AZARBAIJAN CRISIS
  • MOSSADEQ AND OIL NATIONALIZATION
  • THE POST-MOSSADEQ ERA AND THE SHAH'S WHITE REVOLUTION
    • State and Society, 1964-74
    • Renewed Opposition
    • The Coming of the Revolution
  • THE BAKHTIAR GOVERNMENT
  • THE REVOLUTION
    • Bazargan and the Provisional Government
    • The New Constitution
    • The Bani Sadr Presidency
    • Terror and Repression
    • Consolidation of the Revolution
• Chapter 2. The Society and Its Environment
  • GEOGRAPHY
    • Topography
    • Climate
  • POPULATION
    • Major Cities
    • Emigration
    • Refugees
  • PEOPLES AND LANGUAGES
    • The Persian Language
    • The Persian-speaking People
    • Indo-Iranian-speaking Groups
      • Lurs and Bakhtiaris
      • Baluchis
      • Kurds
      • Other Groups
    • Turkic-speaking Groups
      • Azarbaijanis
      • Qashqais
      • Other Groups
    • Semitic Language Groups
    • Armenians
  • STRUCTURE OF SOCIETY
    • Urban Society
      • The Urban Political Elite
      • The Bazaar
    • Social Class in Contemporary Iran
      • The Upper Classes
      • The Middle Classes
      • The Working Class
      • The Lower Class
    • Urban Migration
    • Rural Society
    • Nomadic Society
  • THE FAMILY
  • THE SEXES
    • Traditional Attitudes Toward Segregation of the Sexes
    • Impact of Western Ideas on the Role of Women
    • Female Participation in the Work Force
  • RELIGIOUS LIFE
    • Shia Islam in Iran
      • Distinctive Beliefs
      • Religious Obligations
      • Religious Institutions and Organizations
      • Religious Hierarchy
      • Unorthodox Shia Religious Movements
    • Sunni Muslims
    • Non-Muslim Minorities
      • Bahais
      • Christians
      • Jews
      • Zoroastrians
  • EDUCATION
  • HEALTH AND WELFARE
    • Medical Personnel and Facilities
    • Health Hazards and Preventive Medicine
    • Water Supply and Sanitation
    • Welfare
• Chapter 3. The Economy
  • ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT
    • The Beginnings of Modernization: The Post-1925 Period
    • Oil Revenues and the Acceleration of Modernization, 1960-79
    • The Post-1979 Period
    • Monetary and Fiscal Policy
      • Banking
      • Taxes
  • THE WAR'S IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY
    • Oil Exports
    • War Costs
  • LABOR FORCE
  • PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
    • Oil and Gas Industry
    • Production and Reserves
    • Concession Agreements
    • Refining and Transport
  • NON-OIL INDUSTRY
    • Carpets
    • Construction
    • Manufacturing and Industrial Development
    • Mining and Quarrying
    • Utilities
    • Transportation and Telecommunications
      • Transportation
      • Telecommunications
    • Tourism
  • AGRICULTURE
    • Water
    • Land Use
    • Crop Production
      • Grains
      • Sugar
    • Livestock
    • Fisheries
    • Forestry
  • FOREIGN TRADE
    • Imports
    • Non-Oil Exports
    • Trade Partners
  • BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
• Chapter 4. Government and Politics
  • CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
    • The Faqih
    • The Presidency
    • The Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers
    • The Majlis
    • The Council of Guardians
    • The Judiciary
  • LOCAL GOVERNMENT
  • POLITICAL DYNAMICS
    • The Provisional Government
    • The Rise and Fall of Bani Sadr
    • The Reign of Terror
    • The Consolidation of Theocracy
  • POLITICAL PARTIES
    • The Domination of the Islamic Republican Party
    • Opposition Political Parties in Exile
      • Monarchists
      • Democratic Parties
      • Islamic Groups
      • Marxists
  • POLITICAL ORIENTATIONS
  • THE MASS MEDIA
  • FOREIGN POLICY
    • Concept of Export of Revolution
    • Concept of Neither East nor West
    • The Iran-Iraq War
    • Relations with Regional Powers
      • The Persian Gulf States
      • Turkey, Pakistan, and Afghanistan
      • Israel and the Non-Gulf Arab States
    • Iran's Role in Lebanon
    • Iran and International Organizations
• Chapter 5. National Security
  • ARMED FORCES
    • Historical Background
    • The Revolutionary Period
    • Command and Control
    • Organization, Size, and Equipment
      • Army
      • Navy
      • Air Force
    • Source and Quality of Manpower
    • Foreign Influences in Weapons, Training, and Support Systems
    • Domestic Arms Production
  • SPECIAL AND IRREGULAR ARMED FORCES
    • Organization and Functions
    • Operations
    • Role in National Security
  • THE IRAN-IRAQ WAR
    • The Original Iraqi Offensive
    • Iranian Mobilization and Resistance
    • The Iranian Counteroffensive
    • The War of Attrition
    • Internationalization of the War
    • Gradual Superpower Involvement
    • The Tanker War
    • Role of the Air Force
    • Role of the Navy
  • ARMED FORCES AND SOCIETY
    • Status in National Life
    • The Defense Burden
    • The Impact of Casualties on Society
    • Treatment of Veterans and Widows
  • INTERNAL SECURITY
    • Internal Security in the 1970s
    • Law Enforcement Agencies
      • SAVAK
      • SAVAMA
      • Gendarmerie and National Police
    • Antiregime Opposition Groups
      • Mojahedin
      • Fadayan
      • Paykar
    • The Role of Minorities in Internal Security
• Appendix. Tables
• Bibliography
• Glossary